Porównanie składu mleka mamy i sztucznej mieszanki mlecznej:
newbielink:http://www.bcbabyfriendly.ca/whatsinbreastmilkposter.pdf [nonactive]
Na razie po angielsku, może kiedyś przetłumaczę, albo znajdę lub ktoś inne gotowe w sieci.
Formula
Water
Carbohydrates
Lactose
Corn maltodextrin
Protein
Partially hydrolyzed reduced minerals whey protein concentrate (from cow's milk)
Fats
Palm olein
Soybean oil
Coconut oil
High oleic safflower oil (or sunflower oil)
M. alpina oil (Fungal DHA)
C.cohnii oil (Algal ARA)
Minerals
Potassium citrate
Potassium phosphate
Calcium chloride
Tricalcium phosphate
Sodium citrate
Magnesium chloride
Ferrous sulphate
Zinc sulphate
Sodium chloride
Copper sulphate
Potassium iodide
Manganese sulphate
Sodium selenate
Vitamins
Sodium ascorbate
Inositol
Choline bitartrate
Alpha-Tocopheryl acetate
Niacinamide
Calcium pantothenate
Riboflavin
Vitamin A acetate
Pyridoxine hydrochloride
Thiamine mononitrate
Folic acid
Phylloquinone
Biotin
Vitamin D3
Vitamin B12
Enzyme
Trypsin
Amino acid
Taurine
L-Carnitine (a combination of two different amino acids)
Nucleotides
Cytidine 5-monophosphate
Disodium uridine 5-monophosphate
Adenosine 5-monophosphate
Disodium guanosine 5-monophosphate
Soy Lecithin
Breastmilk
Water
Carbohydrates (energy source)
Lactose
Oligosaccharides (see below)
Carboxylic acid
Alpha hydroxy acid
Lactic acid
Proteins (building muscles and bones)
Whey protein
Alpha-lactalbumin
HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumour cells)
Lactoferrin
Many antimicrobial factors (see below)
Casein
Serum albumin
Non-protein nitrogens
Creatine
Creatinine Urea Uric acid
Peptides (see below)
Amino Acids (the building blocks of proteins) Alanine Arginine Aspartate Clycine Cystine Glutamate Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lycine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Taurine Theronine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine
Carnitine (amino acid compound necessary to make use of fatty acids as an energy source) Nucleotides (chemical compounds that are the structural units of RNA and DNA) 5'-Adenosine monophosphate (5"-AMP) 3':5'-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (3':5'-cyclic AMP) 5'-Cytidine monophosphate (5'-CMP) Cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP choline) Guanosine diphosphate (UDP) Guanosine diphosphate - mannose 3'- Uridine monophosphate (3'-UMP) 5'-Uridine monophosphate (5'-UMP) Uridine diphosphate (UDP) Uridine diphosphate hexose (UDPH) Uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-hexosamine (UDPAH) Uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) Several more novel nucleotides of the UDP type
Fats
Triglycerides
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (important for brain development) Arachidonic acid (AHA) (important for brain development) Linoleic acid
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Conjugated linoleic acid (Rumenic acid) Free Fatty Acids Monounsaturated fatty acids Oleic acid Palmitoleic acid Heptadecenoic acid Saturated fatty acids Stearic Palmitic acid Lauric acid Myristic acid Phospholipids
Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphatidylinositol Lysophosphatidylcholine Lysophosphatidylethanolamine Plasmalogens Sphingolipids Sphingomyelin Gangliosides GM1 GM2 GM3 Glucosylceramide Glycosphingolipids Galactosylceramide Lactosylceramide Globotriaosylceramide (GB3) Globoside (GB4) Sterols
Squalene Lanosterol Dimethylsterol Methosterol Lathosterol Desmosterol Triacylglycerol Cholesterol 7-dehydrocholesterol Stigma-and campesterol 7-ketocholesterol Sitosterol 3-lathosterol Vitamin D metabolites Steroid hormones
Vitamins
Vitamin A Beta carotene
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B8 (Inositol)
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E a-Tocopherol
Vitamin K
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Niacin
Folic acid Pantothenic acid
Biotin
Minerals
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Iron
Zinc
Chloride
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Copper
Manganese
Iodine
Selenium
Choline
Sulpher
Chromium
Cobalt
Fluorine
Nickel
Metal
Molybdenum (essential element in many enzymes) Growth Factors (aid in the maturation of the intestinal lining) Cytokines
interleukin-13 (IL-13)
IL-2
IL-4
IL-6
IL-8
IL-10
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) Platelet derived growth factors (PDGF) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Hepatocyte growth factor -a (HGF-a) HGF-3
Tumor necrosis factor-a Interferon-Y
Epithelial growth factor (EGF) Transforming growth factor-a (TGF-a) TGF 31 TGF-32
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (also known as somatomedin C) Insulin-like growth factor- II Nerve growth factor (NGF) Erythropoietin Peptides (combinations of amino acids) HMGF I (Human growth factor) HMGF II HMGF III
Cholecystokinin (CCK) 3-endorphins
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)
3-defensin-1
Calcitonin
Gastrin
Motilin
Bombesin (gastric releasing peptide, also known as neuromedin B)
Neurotensin
Somatostatin
Hormones (chemical messengers that carry signals from one cell, or group of cells, to another via the blood) Cortisol
Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroxine (T4)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (also known as thyrotropin)
Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)
Prolactin
Oxytocin
Insulin
Corticosterone Thrombopoietin
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) GRH
Leptin (aids in regulation of food intake) Ghrelin (aids in regulation of food intake) Adiponectin
Feedback inhibitor of lactation (FIL) Eicosanoids
Prostaglandins (enzymatically derived from fatty acids) PG-E1 PG-E2 PG-F2 Leukotrienes Thromboxanes Prostacyclins
Enzymes (catalysts that support chemical reactions in the body) Amylase Arysulfatase Catalase Histaminase Lipase Lysozyme
PAF-acetylhydrolase Phosphatase Xanthine oxidase
Antiproteases (thought to bind themselves to macromolecules such as enzymes and as a result prevent allergic and anaphylactic reactions) a-1-antitrypsin a-1-antichymotrypsin
Antimicrobial factors (are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses. Leukocytes (white blood cells) Phagocytes Basophils Neutrophils Eoisinophils Macrophages Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes (also known as B cells) T lymphocytes (also known as C cells) sIgA (Secretory immunoglobulin A) (the most important antiinfective factor) IgA2 IgG IgD IgM IgE
Complement C1 Complement C2 Complement C3 Complement C4 Complement C5 Complement C6 Complement C7 Complement C8 Complement C9 Glycoproteins
Mucins (attaches to bacteria and viruses to prevent
them from clinging to mucousal tissues) Lactadherin Alpha-lactoglobulin Alpha-2 macroglobulin Lewis antigens Ribonuclease Haemagglutinin inhibitors
Bifidus Factor (increases growth of Lactobacillus bifidus - which is a good bacteria)
Lactoferrin (binds to iron which prevents harmful bacteria from using the iron to grow)
Lactoperoxidase
B12 binding protein (deprives microorganisms of vitamin B12)
Fibronectin (makes phagocytes more aggressive, minimizes inflammation, and repairs damage caused by inflammation)
Oligosaccharides (more than 200 different kinds!)
newbielink:http://www.bcbabyfriendly.ca/whatsinbreastmilkposter.pdf [nonactive]
Na razie po angielsku, może kiedyś przetłumaczę, albo znajdę lub ktoś inne gotowe w sieci.
Formula
Water
Carbohydrates
Lactose
Corn maltodextrin
Protein
Partially hydrolyzed reduced minerals whey protein concentrate (from cow's milk)
Fats
Palm olein
Soybean oil
Coconut oil
High oleic safflower oil (or sunflower oil)
M. alpina oil (Fungal DHA)
C.cohnii oil (Algal ARA)
Minerals
Potassium citrate
Potassium phosphate
Calcium chloride
Tricalcium phosphate
Sodium citrate
Magnesium chloride
Ferrous sulphate
Zinc sulphate
Sodium chloride
Copper sulphate
Potassium iodide
Manganese sulphate
Sodium selenate
Vitamins
Sodium ascorbate
Inositol
Choline bitartrate
Alpha-Tocopheryl acetate
Niacinamide
Calcium pantothenate
Riboflavin
Vitamin A acetate
Pyridoxine hydrochloride
Thiamine mononitrate
Folic acid
Phylloquinone
Biotin
Vitamin D3
Vitamin B12
Enzyme
Trypsin
Amino acid
Taurine
L-Carnitine (a combination of two different amino acids)
Nucleotides
Cytidine 5-monophosphate
Disodium uridine 5-monophosphate
Adenosine 5-monophosphate
Disodium guanosine 5-monophosphate
Soy Lecithin
Breastmilk
Water
Carbohydrates (energy source)
Lactose
Oligosaccharides (see below)
Carboxylic acid
Alpha hydroxy acid
Lactic acid
Proteins (building muscles and bones)
Whey protein
Alpha-lactalbumin
HAMLET (Human Alpha-lactalbumin Made Lethal to Tumour cells)
Lactoferrin
Many antimicrobial factors (see below)
Casein
Serum albumin
Non-protein nitrogens
Creatine
Creatinine Urea Uric acid
Peptides (see below)
Amino Acids (the building blocks of proteins) Alanine Arginine Aspartate Clycine Cystine Glutamate Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lycine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Taurine Theronine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine
Carnitine (amino acid compound necessary to make use of fatty acids as an energy source) Nucleotides (chemical compounds that are the structural units of RNA and DNA) 5'-Adenosine monophosphate (5"-AMP) 3':5'-Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (3':5'-cyclic AMP) 5'-Cytidine monophosphate (5'-CMP) Cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP choline) Guanosine diphosphate (UDP) Guanosine diphosphate - mannose 3'- Uridine monophosphate (3'-UMP) 5'-Uridine monophosphate (5'-UMP) Uridine diphosphate (UDP) Uridine diphosphate hexose (UDPH) Uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl-hexosamine (UDPAH) Uridine diphosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) Several more novel nucleotides of the UDP type
Fats
Triglycerides
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (important for brain development) Arachidonic acid (AHA) (important for brain development) Linoleic acid
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Conjugated linoleic acid (Rumenic acid) Free Fatty Acids Monounsaturated fatty acids Oleic acid Palmitoleic acid Heptadecenoic acid Saturated fatty acids Stearic Palmitic acid Lauric acid Myristic acid Phospholipids
Phosphatidylcholine Phosphatidylethanolamine Phosphatidylinositol Lysophosphatidylcholine Lysophosphatidylethanolamine Plasmalogens Sphingolipids Sphingomyelin Gangliosides GM1 GM2 GM3 Glucosylceramide Glycosphingolipids Galactosylceramide Lactosylceramide Globotriaosylceramide (GB3) Globoside (GB4) Sterols
Squalene Lanosterol Dimethylsterol Methosterol Lathosterol Desmosterol Triacylglycerol Cholesterol 7-dehydrocholesterol Stigma-and campesterol 7-ketocholesterol Sitosterol 3-lathosterol Vitamin D metabolites Steroid hormones
Vitamins
Vitamin A Beta carotene
Vitamin B6
Vitamin B8 (Inositol)
Vitamin B12
Vitamin C
Vitamin D
Vitamin E a-Tocopherol
Vitamin K
Thiamine
Riboflavin
Niacin
Folic acid Pantothenic acid
Biotin
Minerals
Calcium
Sodium
Potassium
Iron
Zinc
Chloride
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Copper
Manganese
Iodine
Selenium
Choline
Sulpher
Chromium
Cobalt
Fluorine
Nickel
Metal
Molybdenum (essential element in many enzymes) Growth Factors (aid in the maturation of the intestinal lining) Cytokines
interleukin-13 (IL-13)
IL-2
IL-4
IL-6
IL-8
IL-10
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) Macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) Platelet derived growth factors (PDGF) Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Hepatocyte growth factor -a (HGF-a) HGF-3
Tumor necrosis factor-a Interferon-Y
Epithelial growth factor (EGF) Transforming growth factor-a (TGF-a) TGF 31 TGF-32
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) (also known as somatomedin C) Insulin-like growth factor- II Nerve growth factor (NGF) Erythropoietin Peptides (combinations of amino acids) HMGF I (Human growth factor) HMGF II HMGF III
Cholecystokinin (CCK) 3-endorphins
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP)
3-defensin-1
Calcitonin
Gastrin
Motilin
Bombesin (gastric releasing peptide, also known as neuromedin B)
Neurotensin
Somatostatin
Hormones (chemical messengers that carry signals from one cell, or group of cells, to another via the blood) Cortisol
Triiodothyronine (T3) Thyroxine (T4)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (also known as thyrotropin)
Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)
Prolactin
Oxytocin
Insulin
Corticosterone Thrombopoietin
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) GRH
Leptin (aids in regulation of food intake) Ghrelin (aids in regulation of food intake) Adiponectin
Feedback inhibitor of lactation (FIL) Eicosanoids
Prostaglandins (enzymatically derived from fatty acids) PG-E1 PG-E2 PG-F2 Leukotrienes Thromboxanes Prostacyclins
Enzymes (catalysts that support chemical reactions in the body) Amylase Arysulfatase Catalase Histaminase Lipase Lysozyme
PAF-acetylhydrolase Phosphatase Xanthine oxidase
Antiproteases (thought to bind themselves to macromolecules such as enzymes and as a result prevent allergic and anaphylactic reactions) a-1-antitrypsin a-1-antichymotrypsin
Antimicrobial factors (are used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects, such as bacteria and viruses. Leukocytes (white blood cells) Phagocytes Basophils Neutrophils Eoisinophils Macrophages Lymphocytes
B lymphocytes (also known as B cells) T lymphocytes (also known as C cells) sIgA (Secretory immunoglobulin A) (the most important antiinfective factor) IgA2 IgG IgD IgM IgE
Complement C1 Complement C2 Complement C3 Complement C4 Complement C5 Complement C6 Complement C7 Complement C8 Complement C9 Glycoproteins
Mucins (attaches to bacteria and viruses to prevent
them from clinging to mucousal tissues) Lactadherin Alpha-lactoglobulin Alpha-2 macroglobulin Lewis antigens Ribonuclease Haemagglutinin inhibitors
Bifidus Factor (increases growth of Lactobacillus bifidus - which is a good bacteria)
Lactoferrin (binds to iron which prevents harmful bacteria from using the iron to grow)
Lactoperoxidase
B12 binding protein (deprives microorganisms of vitamin B12)
Fibronectin (makes phagocytes more aggressive, minimizes inflammation, and repairs damage caused by inflammation)
Oligosaccharides (more than 200 different kinds!)
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